What Is the Difference Between Cotton and Polyester?

Cotton and polyester can both be made into fabrics, but they are otherwise very different. Cotton is a natural fiber harvested from the seed-hair of cotton plants. Polyester, on the other hand, is a synthetic polymer made from a chemical reaction between an organic alcohol and a carboxylic acid, resulting in a material that is entirely man-made. This fundamental difference in origin influences many of their respective characteristics and uses.

Cotton is renowned for its comfort and breathability. It absorbs and releases moisture quickly, making it a great choice for clothing in warmer weather as it helps keep the body cool. Cotton fabrics can be washed easily, ironed at relatively high temperatures, and treated to resist stains, water, and mildew. Polyester, however, is less breathable and tends to trap heat, which can make it less comfortable in hot weather. It is, however, resistant to stretching, shrinking, and wrinkling, and it dries quickly, which makes it ideal for activewear and outdoor gear. Polyester is generally more durable than cotton. Cotton, while durable, is more prone to wear and tear over time, especially if not cared for properly. It can shrink in the wash and may require ironing to maintain a neat appearance. However, cotton’s natural fibers are biodegradable, whereas polyester’s synthetic nature means it is not as environmentally friendly.